Sunday, March 31, 2013

Temple of Apollo at Delphi

Temple of Apollo at Delphi


The Temple of Apollo at Delphi on the lower slope of Mount Parnassus about 6 miles from the Gulf of Corinth. Delphi is the center of the most important Greek oracle and temple of Apollo. The oracle was located in a rear chamber of the Temple. Apollo was the most revered and influential of Greek gods. Of his many functions he communicated to men through prophets (oracles) his knowledge of the future. The famous oracle at Delphi was consulted on private matters and affairs of state. Its utterances have swayed nations.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Temple of Apollo at Delphi

Treasury of the Athenians

Treasury of the Athenians


The Treasury of the Athenians at Delphi on the lower slope of Mount Parnassus about 6 miles from the Gulf of Corinth. Once many treasuries existed at Delphi. The Treasury of the Athenians is one of these and has been rebuilt using its original blocks. It contains a famous wall inscribed with musically notated hymns to Apollo. The famous oracle of Apollo at Delphi was consulted on private matters and affairs of state. Its utterances have swayed nations.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Treasury of the Athenians

Knossos Palace

Knossos Palace


Ruins of the ancient Minoan Palace at Knossos, a city in ancient Crete and capital of the legendary King Minos. Knossos was the principal center of the Minoan and early Aegean civili ations. The influence of the Minoan civili ation spread to mainland Greece were it emerged as the Mycenean culture. On his voyage to Rome the Apostle Paul’s ship sailed along the southern coast of Crete. It is believed the Philistines in Canaan originally came from Caphtor (Crete).


Photo courtesy of Corel


Knossos Palace(close-up)


Ruins of the ancient Minoan Palace at Knossos, a city in ancient Crete and capital of the legendary King Minos. Knossos was the principal center of the Minoan and early Aegean civili ations. The influence of the Minoan civili ation spread to mainland Greece were it emerged as the Mycenean culture. On his voyage to Rome the Apostle Paul’s ship sailed along the southern coast of Crete. It is believed the Philistines in Canaan originally came from Caphtor (Crete).


Photo courtesy of Corel


Knossos Palace(mural and columns)


Murals and columns from the ancient Minoan Palace at Knossos, a city in ancient Crete and capital of the legendary King Minos. Knossos was the principal center of the Minoan and early Aegean civili ations. The influence of the Minoan civili ation spread to mainland Greece were it emerged as the Mycenean culture. On his voyage to Rome the Apostle Paul’s ship sailed along the southern coast of Crete. It is believed the Philistines in Canaan originally came from Caphtor (Crete).


Photo courtesy of Corel


Restored Knossos Palace


Restoration of the ancient Minoan Palace at Knossos, a city in ancient Crete and capital of the legendary King Minos. Knossos was the principal center of the Minoan and early Aegean civili ations. The influence of the Minoan civili ation spread to mainland Greece were it emerged as the Mycenean culture. On his voyage to Rome the Apostle Paul’s ship sailed along the southern coast of Crete. It is believed the Philistines in Canaan originally came from Caphtor (Crete).


Photo courtesy of Corel


Ruins of Knossos Palace


Ruins of the ancient Minoan Palace at Knossos, a city in ancient Crete and capital of the legendary King Minos. Knossos was the principal center of the Minoan and early Aegean civili ations. The influence of the Minoan civili ation spread to mainland Greece were it emerged as the Mycenean culture. On his voyage to Rome the Apostle Paul’s ship sailed along the southern coast of Crete. It is believed the Philistines in Canaan originally came from Caphtor (Crete).


Photo courtesy of Corel


Gypsum throne and restored throne at Knossos


Gypsum throne and restored throne room from the ancient Minoan Palace at Knossos, a city in ancient Crete and capital of the legendary King Minos. Knossos was the principal center of the Minoan and early Aegean civili ations. The influence of the Minoan civili ation spread to mainland Greece were it emerged as the Mycenean culture. On his voyage to Rome the Apostle Paul’s ship sailed along the southern coast of Crete. It is believed the Philistines in Canaan originally came from Caphtor (Crete).


Photo courtesy of Corel



Knossos Palace

Saturday, March 30, 2013

Corinth

Corinth


Corinthian columns at Corinth in south-central Greece. The remains of the ancient city lie about 50 miles west of Athens, at the eastern end of the Gulf of Corinth. On mainland Greece, Corinth was the main center of worship of Aphrodite (Roman: Venus) goddess of sexual love and beauty. On his second missionary journey the Apostle Paul spent 1-½ years preaching the Gospel at Corinth.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Corinth

Propylaea

Propylaea


The Propylaea is the only entryway into the Acropolis at its western end, and the only opening in the surrounding wall. It was built mostly of pentelic marble. Mars Hill or the Areopagus (one of the places the Apostle Paul preached in Athens) was located at the western approach to the Acropolis.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Propylaea

Friday, March 29, 2013

Parthenon

Parthenon


The Parthenon, located on the Acropolis at Athens, is the main temple of the Greek goddess Athena. The name "Parthenon" comes from the term Athena Parthenos (Athena the Virgin). Athena Parthenos was the patron goddess of the city.


Photo courtesy of Corel


Parthenon (close-up)


The Parthenon, located on the Acropolis at Athens, is the main temple of the Greek goddess Athena. The name "Parthenon" comes from the term Athena Parthenos (Athena the Virgin). Athena Parthenos was the patron goddess of the city.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Parthenon

Nike Temple

Nike Temple


The Temple of Nike (center) located on the Acropolis at Athens. Nike was the goddess of victory. Athena Nike was an attribute both of Athena, the goddess of wisdom, and the chief god eus. She was looked to as a mediator of success between gods and men.


Photo courtesy of Corel


Nike Temple close-up


The Temple of Nike located on the Acropolis at Athens. Nike was the goddess of victory. Athena Nike was an attribute both of Athena, the goddess of wisdom, and the chief god eus. She was looked to as a mediator of success between gods and men.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Nike Temple

The Repentance of Believers

"Repent ye, and believe the gospel." Mark 1:15.


1. It is generally supposed, that repentance and faith are only the gate of religion; that they are necessary only at the beginning of our Christian course, when we are setting out in the way to the kingdom. And this may seem to be confirmed by the great Apostle, where, exhorting the Hebrew Christians to "go on to perfection," he teaches them to leave these first "principles of the doctrine of Christ;" "not laying again the foundation of repentance from dead works, and of faith towards God;" which must at least mean, that they should comparatively leave these, that at first took up all their thoughts, in order to "press forward toward the pri e of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus."


2. And this is undoubtedly true, that there is a repentance and a faith, which are, more especially, necessary at the beginning: a repentance, which is a conviction of our utter sinfulness, and guiltiness, and helplessness; and which precedes our receiving that kingdom of God, which, our Lord observes, is "within us;" and a faith, whereby we receive that kingdom, even "righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost."


3. But, notwithstanding this, there is also a repentance and a faith (taking the words in another sense, a sense not quite the same, nor yet entirely different) which are requisite after we have "believed the gospel;" yea, and in every subsequent stage of our Christian course, or we cannot "run the race which is set before us." And this repentance and faith are full as necessary, in order to our continuance and growth in grace, as the former faith and repentance were, in order to our entering into the kingdom of God.


But in what sense are we to repent and believe, after we are justified? This is an important question, and worthy of being considered with the utmost attention.


I. And, First, in what sense are we to repent?


1. Repentance frequently means an inward change, a change of mind from sin to holiness. But we now speak of it in a quite different sense, as it is one kind of self-knowledge, the knowing ourselves sinners, yea, guilty, helpless sinners, even though we know we are children of God.


2. Indeed when we first know this; when we first find the redemption in the blood of Jesus; when the love of God is first shed abroad in our hearts, and his kingdom set up therein; it is natural to suppose that we are no longer sinners, that all our sins are not only covered but destroyed. As we do not then feel any evil in our hearts, we readily imagine none is there. Nay, some well-meaning men have imagined this not only at that time, but ever after; having persuaded themselves, that when they were justified, they were entirely sanctified: yea, they have laid it down as a general rule, in spite of Scripture, reason, and experience. These sincerely believe, and earnestly maintain, that all sin is destroyed when we are justified; and that there is no sin in the heart of a believer; but that it is altogether clean from that moment. But though we readily acknowledge, "he that believeth is born of God," and "he that is born of God doth not commit sin;" yet we cannot allow that he does not feel it from within: it does not reign, but it does remain. And a conviction of the sin which remains in our heart, is one great branch of the repentance we are now speaking of.


3. For it is seldom long before he who imagined all sin was gone, feels there is still pride in his heart. He is convinced both that in many respects he has thought of himself more highly than he ought to think, and that he has taken to himself the praise of something he had received, and gloried in it as though he had not received it; and yet he knows he is in the favour of God. He cannot, and ought not to, "cast away his confidence." "The Spirit" still "witnesses with" his "spirit, that he is a child of God."


4. Nor is it long before he feels self-will in his heart; even a will contrary to the will of God. A will every man must inevitably have, as long as he has an understanding. This is an essential part of human nature, indeed of the nature of every intelligent being. Our blessed Lord himself had a will as a man; otherwise he had not been a man. But his human will was invariably subject to the will of his Father. At all times, and on all occasions, even in the deepest affliction, he could say, "Not as I will, but as thou wilt." But this is not the case at all times, even with a true believer in Christ. He frequently finds his will more or less exalting itself against the will of God. He wills something, because it is pleasing to nature, which is not pleasing to God; and he nills (is averse from) something, because it is painful to nature, which is the will of God concerning him. Indeed, suppose he continues in the faith, he fights against it with all his might: but this very thing implies that it really exists, and that he is conscious of it.


5. Now self-will, as well as pride, is a species of idolatry and both are directly contrary to the love of God. The same observation may be made concerning the love of the world. But this likewise even true believers are liable to feel in themselves; and every one of them does feel it, more or less, sooner or later, in one branch or another. It is true, when he first "passes from death unto life," he desires nothing more but God. He can truly say, "All my desire is unto Thee, and unto the remembrance of Thy name:" "Whom have I in heaven but Thee? and there is none upon earth that I desire beside Thee." But it is not so always. In process of time he will feel again, though perhaps only for a few moments, either "the desire of the flesh," or "the desire of the eye," or "the pride of life." Nay, if he does not continually watch and pray, he may find lust reviving; yea, and thrusting sore at him that he may fall, till he has scarce any strength left in him. He may feel the assaults of inordinate affection; yea, a strong propensity to "love the creature more than the Creator;" whether it be a child, a parent, a husband, or wife, or "the friend that is as his own soul." He may feel, in a thousand various ways, a desire of earthly things or pleasures. In the same proportion he will forget God, not seeking his happiness in him, and consequently being a "lover of pleasure more than a lover of God."


6. If he does not keep himself every moment, he will again feel the desire of the eye; the desire of gratifying his imagination with something great, or beautiful, or uncommon. In how many ways does this desire assault the soul! Perhaps with regard to the poorest trifles, such as dress, or furniture; things never designed to satisfy the appetite of an immortal spirit. Yet, how natural is it for us, even after we have "tasted of the powers of the world to come," to sink again into these foolish, low desires of things that perish in the using! How hard is it, even for those who know in whom they have believed, to conquer but one branch of the desire of the eye, curiosity; constantly to trample it under their feet; to desire nothing merely because it is new!


7. And how hard is it even for the children of God wholly to conquer the pride of life! St. John seems to mean by this nearly the same with what the world terms "the sense of honour." This is no other than a desire of, and delight in, "the honour that cometh of men;" a desire and love of praise; and, which is always joined with it, a proportionable fear of dispraise. Nearly allied to this is evil shame; the being ashamed of that wherein we ought to glory. And this is seldom divided from the fear of man, which brings a thousand snares upon the soul. Now where is he, even among those that seem strong in the faith, who does not find in himself a degree of all these evil tempers? So that even these are but in part "crucified to the world;" for the evil root still remains in their heart.


8. And do we not feel other tempers, which are as contrary to the love of our neighbour as these are to the love of God? The love of our neighbour "thinketh no evil." Do not we find anything of the kind? Do we never find any jealousies, any evil surmisings, any groundless or unreasonable suspicions? He that is clear in these respects, let him cast the first stone at his neighbour. Who does not sometimes feel other tempers or inward motions, which he knows are contrary to brotherly love? If nothing of malice, hatred, or bitterness, is there no touch of envy; particularly toward those who enjoy some real or supposed good, which we desire, but cannot attain? Do we never find any degree of resentment, when we are injured or affronted; especially by those whom we peculiarly loved, and whom we had most laboured to help or oblige? Does injustice or ingratitude never excite in us any desire of revenge? any desire of returning evil for evil, instead of "overcoming evil with good?" This also shows, how much is still in our heart, which is contrary to the love of our neighbour.


9. Covetousness, in every kind and degree, is certainly as contrary to this as to the love of God; whether, philargyri, the love of money, which is too frequently "the root of all evil;" or pleonexia, literally, a desire of having more, or increasing in substance. And how few, even of the real children of God, are entirely free from both! Indeed one great man, Martin Luther, used to say, he "never had any covetousness in him" (not only in his converted state, but) "ever since he was born." But, if so, I would not scruple to say, he was the only man born of a woman (except him that was God as well as man,) who had not, who was born without it. Nay, I believe, never was any one born of God, that lived any considerable time after, who did not feel more or less of it many times, especially in the latter sense. We may therefore set it down as an undoubted truth, that covetousness, together with pride, and self-will, and anger, remain in the hearts even of them that are justified.


10. It is their experiencing this, which has inclined so many serious persons to understand the latter part of the seventh chapter to the Romans, not of them that are "under the law," that are convinced of sin, which is undoubtedly the meaning of the Apostle, but of them that are "under grace;" that are "justified freely through the redemption that is in Christ." And it is most certain, they are thus far right, — there does still remain, even in them that are justified, a mind which is in some measure carnal (so the Apostle tells even the believers at Corinth, "Ye are carnal;") an heart bent to backsliding, still ever ready to "depart from the living God;" a propensity to pride, self-will, anger, revenge, love of the world, yea, and all evil: a root of bitterness, which, if the restraint were taken off for a moment, would instantly spring up; yea, such a depth of corruption, as, without clear light from God, we cannot possibly conceive. And a conviction of all this sin remaining in their hearts is the repentance which belongs to them that are justified.


11. But we should likewise be convinced, that as sin remains in our hearts, so it cleaves to all our words and actions. Indeed it is to be feared, that many of our words are more than mixed with sin; that they are sinful altogether; for such undoubtedly is all uncharitable conversation; all which does not spring from brotherly love; all which does not agree with that golden rule, "What ye would that others should do to you, even so do unto them." Of this kind is all backbiting, all tale-bearing, all whispering, all evil-speaking, that is, repeating the faults of absent persons; for none would have others repeat his faults when he is absent. Now how few are there, even among believers, who are in no degree guilty of this; who steadily observe the good old rule, "Of the dead and the absent, nothing but good!" And suppose they do, do they likewise abstain from unprofitable conversation? Yet all this is unquestionably sinful, and "grieves the Holy Spirit of God:" Yea, and "for every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give an account in the day of judgement."


12. But let it be supposed, that they continually "watch and pray," and so do "not enter into" this "temptation;" that they constantly set a watch before their mouth, and keep the door of their lips; suppose they exercise themselves herein, that all their "conversation may be in grace, seasoned with salt, and meet to minister grace to the hearers:" yet do they not daily slide into useless discourse, notwithstanding all their caution? And even when they endeavour to speak for God, are their words pure, free from unholy mixtures? Do they find nothing wrong in their very intention? Do they speak merely to please God, and not partly to please themselves? Is it wholly to do the will of God, and not their own will also? Or, if they begin with a single eye, do they go on "looking unto Jesus," and talking with him all the time they are talking with their neighbour? When they are reproving sin, do they feel no anger or unkind temper to the sinner? When they are instructing the ignorant, do they not find any pride, any self-preference? When they are comforting the afflicted, or provoking one another to love and to good works, do they never perceive any inward self-commendation: "Now you have spoken well?" Or any vanity — a desire that others should think so, and esteem them on the account? In some or all of these respects, how much sin cleaves to the best conversation even of believers! The conviction of which is another branch of the repentance which belongs to them that are justified.


13. And how much sin, if their conscience is thoroughly awake, may they find cleaving to their actions also! Nay, are there not many of these, which, though they are such as the world would not condemn, yet cannot be commended, no, nor excused, if we judge by the Word of God? Are there not many of their actions which, they themselves know, are not to the glory of God? many, wherein they did not even aim at this; which were not undertaken with an eye to God? And of those that were, are there not many, wherein their eye is not singly fixed on God — wherein they are doing their own will, at least as much as his; and seeking to please themselves as much, if not more, than to please God? — And while they are endeavouring to do good to their neighbour, do they not feel wrong tempers of various kinds? Hence their good actions, so called, are far from being strictly such; being polluted with such a mixture of evil: such are their works of mercy. And is there not the same mixture in their works of piety? While they are hearing the word which is able to save their souls, do they not frequently find such thoughts as make them afraid lest it should turn to their condemnation, rather than their salvation? Is it not often the same case, while they are endeavouring to offer up their prayers to God, whether in public or private? Nay, while they are engaged in the most solemn service, even while they are at the table of the Lord, what manner of thoughts arise in them! Are not their hearts sometimes wandering to the ends of the earth; sometimes filled with such imaginations, as make them fear lest all their sacrifice should be an abomination to the Lord? So that they are now more ashamed of their best duties, than they were once of their worst sins.


14. Again: How many sins of omission are they chargeable with! We know the words of the Apostle: "To him that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin." But do they not know a thousand instances, wherein they might have done good, to enemies, to strangers, to their brethren, either with regard to their bodies or their souls, and they did it not? How many omissions have they been guilty of, in their duty toward God! How many opportunities of communicating, of hearing his word, of public or private prayer, have they neglected! So great reason had even that holy man, Archbishop Usher, after all his labours for God, to cry out, almost with his dying breath, "Lord, forgive me my sins of omission!"


15. But besides these outward omissions, may they not find in themselves inward defects without number? defects of every kind: they have not the love, the fear, the confidence they ought to have, toward God. They have not the love which is due to their neighbour, to every child of man; no, nor even that which is due to their brethren, to every child of God, whether those that are at a distance from them, or those with whom they are immediately connected. They have no holy temper in the degree they ought; they are defective in everything, — in a deep consciousness of which they are ready to cry out, with M. De Renty, "I am a ground all overrun with thorns;" or, with Job, "I am vile: I abhor myself, and repent as in dust and ashes."


16. A conviction of their guiltiness is another branch of that repentance which belongs to the children of God. But this is cautiously to be understood, and in a peculiar sense. For it is certain, "there is no condemnation to them that are in Christ Jesus," that believe in him, and, in the power of that faith, "walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit." Yet can they no more bear the strict justice of God now, than before they believed. This pronounces them to be still worthy of death, on all the preceding accounts. And it would absolutely condemn them thereto, were it not for the atoning blood. Therefore they are thoroughly convinced, that they still deserve punishment, although it is hereby turned aside from them. But here there are extremes on one hand and on the other, and few steer clear of them. Most men strike on one or the other, either thinking themselves condemned when they are not, or thinking they deserve to be acquitted. Nay, the truth lies between: they still deserve, strictly speaking only the damnation of hell. But what they deserve does not come upon them, because they "have an Advocate with the Father." His life, and death, and intercession still interpose between them and condemnation.


17. A conviction of their utter helplessness is yet another branch of this repentance. I mean hereby two things: first, that they are no more able now of themselves to think one good thought, to form one good desire, to speak one good word, or do one good work, than before they were justified; that they have still no kind or degree of strength of their own; no power either to do good, or resist evil; no ability to conquer or even withstand the world, the devil, or their own evil nature. They can, it is certain, do all these things; but it is not by their own strength. They have power to overcome all these enemies; for "sin hath no more dominion over them;" but it is not from nature, either in whole or in part; it is the mere gift of God: nor is it given all at once, as if they had a stock laid up for many years; but from moment to moment.


18. By this helplessness I mean, Secondly, an absolute inability to deliver ourselves from that guiltiness or desert of punishment whereof we are still conscious; yea, and an inability to remove, by all the grace we have (to say nothing of our natural powers,) either the pride, self-will, love of the world, anger, and general proneness to depart from God, which we experimentally know to remain in the heart, even of them that are regenerate; or the evil which, in spite of all our endeavours, cleaves to all our words and actions. Add to this, an utter inability wholly to avoid uncharitable, and, much more, unprofitable, conversation: and an inability to avoid sins of omission, or to supply the numberless defects we are convinced of; especially the want of love, and other right tempers both to God and man.


19. If any man is not satisfied of this, if any believes that whoever is justified is able to remove these sins out of his heart and life, let him make the experiment. Let him try whether, by the grace he has already received, he can expel pride, self-will, or inbred sin in general. Let him try whether he can cleanse his words and actions from all mixture of evil; whether he can avoid all uncharitable and unprofitable conversation, with all sins of omission; and, lastly, whether he can supply the numberless defects which he still finds in himself. Let him not be discouraged by one or two experiments, but repeat the trial again and again; and the longer he tries, the more deeply will he be convinced of his utter helplessness in all these respects.


20. Indeed this is so evident a truth, that well nigh all the children of God, scattered abroad, however they differ in other points, yet generally agree in this; — that although we may "by the Spirit, mortify the deeds of the body," resist and conquer both outward and inward sin: although we may weaken our enemies day by day; — yet we cannot drive them out. By all the grace which is given at justification we cannot extirpate them. Though we watch and pray ever so much, we cannot wholly cleanse either our hearts or hands. Most sure we cannot, till it shall please our Lord to speak to our hearts again, to speak the second time, "Be clean:" and then only the leprosy is cleansed. Then only, the evil root, the carnal mind, is destroyed; and inbred sin subsists no more. But if there be no such second change, if there be no instantaneous deliverance after justification, if there be none but a gradual work of God (that there is a gradual work none denies,) then we must be content, as well as we can, to remain full of sin till death; and, if so, we must remain guilty till death, continually deserving punishment. For it is impossible the guilt, or desert of punishment, should be removed from us, as long as all this sin remains in our heart, and cleaves to our words and actions. Nay, in rigorous justice, all we think, and speak, and act, continually increases it.


II. 1. In this sense we are to repent, after we are justified. And till we do so, we can go no farther. For, till we are sensible of our disease, it admits of no cure. But, supposing we do thus repent, then are we called to "believe the gospel."


2. And this also is to be understood in a peculiar sense, different from that wherein we believed in order to justification. Believe the glad tidings of great salvation, which God hath prepared for all people. Believe that he who is "the brightness of his Father’s glory, the express image of his person," is "able to save unto the uttermost all that come unto God through him." He is able to save you from all the sin that still remains in your heart. He is able to save you from all the sin that cleaves to all your words and actions. He is able to save you from sins of omission, and to supply whatever is wanting in you. It is true, this is impossible with man; but with God-Man all things are possible. For what can be too hard for him who hath "all power in heaven and in earth?" Indeed, his bare power to do this is not a sufficient foundation for our faith that he will do it, that he will thus exert his power, unless he hath promised it. But this he has done: he has promised it over and over, in the strongest terms. he has given us these "exceeding great and precious promises," both in the Old and the New Testament. So we read in the law, in the most ancient part of the oracles of God, "The Lord thy God will circumcise thy heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul." (Deut 30:6.) So in the Psalms, "He shall redeem Israel," the Israel of God, "from all his sins." So in the Prophet, "Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you. And I will put My Spirit within you, and ye shall keep My judgements, and do them. I will also save you from all your uncleannesses" (E ek 36:25, &c.) So likewise in the New Testament, "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; for he hath visited and redeemed his people, and hath raised up an horn of salvation for us, — to perform the oath which he sware to our father Abraham, that he would grant unto us, that we being delivered out of the hands of our enemies should serve him without fear, in holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life" (Luke 1:68, &c.)


3. You have therefore good reason to believe, he is not only able, but willing to do this; to cleanse you from all your filthiness of flesh and spirit; to "save you from all your uncleannesses." This is the thing which you now long for; this is the faith which you now particularly need, namely, that the Great Physician, the Lover of my soul, is willing to make me clean. But is he willing to do this to-morrow, or to-day? Let him answer for himself: "To-day, if ye will hear" My "voice, harden not your hearts." If you put it off till to-morrow, you harden your hearts; you refuse to hear his voice. Believe, therefore, that he is willing to save you to-day. He is willing to save you now. "Behold, now is the accepted time." He now saith, "Be thou clean!" Only believe, and you also will immediately find, "all things are possible to him that believeth."


4. Continue to believe in him that loved thee, and gave himself for thee; that bore all thy sins in his own body on the tree; and he saveth thee from all condemnation, by his blood continually applied. Thus it is that we continue in a justified state. And when we go "from faith to faith, when we have faith to be cleansed from indwelling sin, to be saved from all our uncleannesses, we are likewise saved from all that guilt, that desert of punishment, which we felt before. So that then we may say, not only,


Every moment, Lord, I want
The merit of thy death;


but, likewise, in the full assurance of faith,


Every moment, Lord, I have
The merit of thy death!


For, by that faith in his life, death, and intercession for us, renewed from moment to moment, we are every whit clean, and there is not only now no condemnation for us, but no such desert of punishment as was before, the Lord cleansing both our hearts and lives.


5. By the same faith we feel the power of Christ every moment resting upon us, whereby alone we are what we are; whereby we are enabled to continue in spiritual life, and without which, notwithstanding all our present holiness, we should be devils the next moment. But as long as we retain our faith in him, we "draw water out of the wells of salvation." Leaning on our Beloved, even Christ in us the hope of glory, who dwelleth in our hearts by faith, who likewise is ever interceding for us at the right hand of God, we receive help from him, to think, and speak, and act, what is acceptable in his sight. Thus does he "prevent" them that believe in all their "doings, and further them with his continual help;" so that all their designs, conversations, and actions are "begun, continued, and ended in him." Thus doth he "cleanse the thoughts of their hearts, by the inspiration of his Holy Spirit, that they may perfectly love him, and worthily magnify his holy name."


6. Thus it is, that in the children of God, repentance and faith exactly answer each other. By repentance we feel the sin remaining in our hearts, and cleaving to our words and actions: by faith, we receive the power of God in Christ, purifying our hearts, and cleansing our hands. By repentance, we are still sensible that we deserve punishment for all our tempers, and words, and actions: by faith, we are conscious that our Advocate


with the Father is continually pleading for us, and thereby continually turning aside all condemnation and punishment from us. By repentance we have an abiding conviction that there is no help in us: by faith we receive not only mercy, "but grace to help in" every "time of need. Repentance disclaims the very possibility of any other help; faith accepts all the help we stand in need of, from him that hath all power in heaven and earth. Repentance says, "Without him I can do nothing:" Faith says, "I can do all things through Christ strengthening me." Through him I can not only overcome, but expel, all the enemies of my soul. Through him I can "love the Lord my God with all my heart, mind, soul, and strength;" yea, and "walk in holiness and righteousness before him all the days of my life."


III. 1. From what has been said we may easily learn the mischievousness of that opinion, — that we are wholly sanctified when we are justified; that our hearts are then cleansed from all sin. It is true, we are then delivered, as was observed before, from the dominion of outward sin; and, at the same time, the power of inward sin is so broken, that we need no longer follow, or be led by it: but it is by no means true, that inward sin is then totally destroyed; that the root of pride, self-will, anger, love of the world, is then taken out of the heart; or that the carnal mind, and the heart bent to backsliding, are entirely extirpated. And to suppose the contrary is not, as some may think, an innocent harmless mistake. No: it does immense harm: it entirely blocks up the way to any farther change; for it is manifest, "they that are whole not need a physician, but they that are sick." If, therefore, we think we are quite made whole already, there is no room to seek any further healing. On this supposition it is absurd to expect a farther deliverance from sin, whether gradual or instantaneous.


2. On the contrary, a deep conviction that we are not yet whole; that our hearts are not fully purified; that there is yet in us a "carnal mind," which is still in its nature "enmity against God;" that a whole body of sin remains in our heart, weakened indeed, but not destroyed; shows, beyond all possibility of doubt, the absolute necessity of a farther change. We allow, that at the very moment of justification, we are born again: In that instant we experience that inward change from "darkness into marvellous light;" from the image of the brute and the devil, into the image of God; from the earthly, sensual, devilish mind, to the mind which was in Christ Jesus. But are we then entirely changed? Are we wholly transformed into the image of him that created us? Far from it: we still retain a depth of sin; and it is the consciousness of this which constrains us to groan, for a full deliverance, to him that is mighty to save. Hence it is, that those believers who are not convinced of the deep corruption of their hearts, or but slightly, and, as it were, notionally convinced, have little concern about entire sanctification. They may possibly hold the opinion, that such a thing is to be, either at death, or some time they know not when, before it. But they have no great uneasiness for the want of it, and no great hunger or thirst after it. They cannot, until they know themselves better, until they repent in the sense above described, until God unveils the inbred monster’s face, and shows them the real state of their souls. Then only, when they feel the burden, will they groan for deliverance from it. Then, and not till then, will they cry out, in the agony of their soul,


Break off the yoke of inbred sin,
And fully set my spirit free!
I cannot rest till pure within,
Till I am wholly lost in Thee.


3. We may learn from hence, secondly, that a deep conviction of our demerit, after we are accepted (which in one sense may be termed guilt,) is absolutely necessary, in order to our seeing the true value of the atoning blood; in order to our feeling that we need this as much, after we are justified as ever we did before. Without this conviction, we cannot but account the blood of the covenant as a common thing, something of which we have not now any great need, seeing all our past sins are blotted out. Yea, but if both our hearts and lives are thus unclean, there is a kind of guilt which we are contracting every moment, and which, of consequence, would every moment expose us to fresh condemnation, but that


He ever lives above,
For us to intercede, —
His all-atoning love,
His precious blood, to plead.


It is this repentance, and the faith intimately connected with it, which are expressed in those strong lines, —


I sin in every breath I draw,
Nor do Thy will, nor keep Thy law
On earth, as angels do above:
But still the fountain open stands,
Washes my feet, my heart, my hands,
Till I am perfected in love.


4. We may observe, Thirdly, a deep conviction of our utter helplessness, of our total inability to retain anything we have received, much more to deliver ourselves from the world of iniquity remaining both in our hearts and lives, teaches us truly to live upon Christ by faith, not only as our Priest, but as our King. Hereby we are brought to "magnify him," indeed; to "give Him all the glory of his grace;" to "make him a whole Christ, an entire Saviour; and truly to set the crown upon his head." These excellent words, as they have frequently been used, have little or no meaning; but they are fulfilled in a strong and deep sense, when we thus, as it were, go out of ourselves, in order to be swallowed up in him; when we sink into nothing, that he may be all in all. Then, his almighty grace having abolished "every high thing which exalted itself against him," every temper, and thought, and word, and work "is brought to the obedience of Christ."



The Repentance of Believers

On Sin in Believers

"If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature." 2 Cor 5:17.


I. 1. Is there then sin in him that is in Christ? Does sin remain in one that believes in him? Is there any sin in them that are born of God, or are they wholly delivered from it? Let no one imagine this to be a question of mere curiosity; or that it is of little importance whether it be determined one way or the other. Rather it is a point of the utmost moment to every serious Christian; the resolving of which very nearly concerns both his present and eternal happiness.


2. And yet I do not know that ever it was controverted in the primitive Church. Indeed there was no room for disputing concerning it, as all Christians were agreed. And so far as I have observed, the whole body of ancient Christians, who have left us anything in writing, declare with one voice, that even believers in Christ, till they are "strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might," have need to "wrestle with flesh and blood," with an evil nature, as well as "with principalities and powers."


3. And herein our own Church (as indeed in most points) exactly copies after the primitive; declaring in her Ninth Article, "Original sin is the corruption of the nature of every man, whereby man is in his own nature inclined to evil, so that the flesh lusteth contrary to the Spirit. And this infection of nature doth remain, yea, in them that are regenerated; whereby the lust of the flesh, called in Greek phroneema sarkos, is not subject to the law of God. And although there is no condemnation for them that believe, yet this lust hath of itself the nature of sin."


4. The same testimony is given by all other Churches; not only by the Greek and Romish Church, but by every Reformed Church in Europe, of whatever denomination. Indeed some of these seem to carry the thing too far; so describing the corruption of heart in a believer, as scarce to allow that he has dominion over it, but rather is in bondage thereto; and, by this means, they leave hardly any distinction between a believer and an unbeliever.


5. To avoid this extreme, many well-meaning men, particularly those under the direction of the late Count in endorf, ran into another; affirming, that "all true believers are not only saved from the dominion of sin, but from the being of inward as well as outward sin, so that it no longer remains in them:" And from them, about twenty years ago, many of our countrymen imbibed the same opinion, that even the corruption of nature is no more, in those who believe in Christ.


6. It is true that, when the Germans were pressed upon this head, they soon allowed, (many of them at least,) that "sin did still remain in the flesh, but not in the heart of a believer;" and, after a time, when the absurdity of this was shown, they fairly gave up the point; allowing that sin did still remain, though not reign, in him that is born of God.


7. But the English, who had received it from them, (some directly, some at second or third hand,) were not so easily prevailed upon to part with a favourite opinion: And even when the generality of them were convinced it was utterly indefensible, a few could not be persuaded to give it up, but maintain it to this day.


II. 1. For the sake of these who really fear God, and desire to know "the truth as it is in Jesus," it may not be amiss to consider the point with calmness and impartiality. In doing this, I use indifferently the words, regenerate, justified, or believers; since, though they have not precisely the same meaning, (the First implying an inward, actual change, the Second a relative one, and the Third the means whereby both the one and the other are wrought,) yet they come to one and the same thing; as everyone that believes, is both justified and born of God.


2. By sin, I here understand inward sin; any sinful temper, passion, or affection; such as pride, self-will, love of the world, in any kind or degree; such as lust, anger, peevishness; any disposition contrary to the mind which was in Christ.


3. The question is not concerning outward sin; whether a child of God commits sin or no. We all agree and earnestly maintain, "He that committeth sin is of the devil." We agree, "Whosoever is born of God doth not commit sin." Neither do we now inquire whether inward sin will always remain in the children of God; whether sin will continue in the soul as long as it continues in the body: Nor yet do we inquire whether a justified person may relapse either into inward or outward sin; but simply this, Is a justified or regenerate man freed from all sin as soon as he is justified? Is there then no sin in his heart? — nor ever after, unless he fall from grace?


4. We allow that the state of a justified person is inexpressibly great and glorious. He is born again, "not of blood, nor of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God." He is a child of God, a member of Christ, an heir of the kingdom of heaven. "The peace of God, which passeth all understanding, keepeth his heart and mind in Christ Jesus." His very body is a "temple of the Holy Ghost," and an "habitation of God through the Spirit." He is "created anew in Christ Jesus:" He is washed, he is sanctified. His heart is purified by faith; he is cleansed "from the corruption that is in the world;" "the love of God is shed abroad in his heart by the Holy Ghost which is given unto him." And so long as he "walketh in love," (which he may always do,) he worships God in spirit and in truth. He keepeth the commandments of God, and doeth those things that are pleasing in his sight; so exercising himself as to "have a conscience void of offence, toward God and toward man:" And he has power both over outward and inward sin, even from the moment he is justified.


III. 1. "But was he not then freed from all sin, so that there is no sin in his heart?" I cannot say this; I cannot believe it; because St. Paul says the contrary. He is speaking to believers, and describing the state of believers in general, when he says, "The flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: These are contrary the one to the other." (Gal 5:17) Nothing can be more express. The Apostle here directly affirms that the flesh, evil nature, opposes the Spirit, even in believers; that even in the regenerate there are two principles, "contrary the one to the other."


2. Again: When he writes to the believers at Corinth, to those who were sanctified in Christ Jesus, (1 Cor 1:2) he says, "I, brethren, could not speak unto you, as unto spiritual, but as unto carnal, as unto babes in Christ. Ye are yet carnal: For whereas there is among you envying and strife, are ye not carnal?" (1 Cor 3:1-3) Now here the Apostle speaks unto those who were unquestionably believers, — whom, in the same breath, he styles his brethren in Christ, — as being still, in a measure, carnal. He affirms, there was envying, (an evil temper,) occasioning strife among them, and yet does not give the least intimation that they had lost their faith. Nay, he manifestly declares they had not; for then they would not have been babes in Christ. And (what is most remarkable of all) he speaks of being carnal, and babes in Christ, as one and the same thing; plainly showing that every believer is (in a degree) carnal, while he is only a babe in Christ.


3. Indeed this grand point, that there are two contrary principles in believers, — nature and grace, the flesh and the Spirit, runs through all the Epistles of St. Paul, yea, through all the Holy Scriptures; almost all the directions and exhortations therein are founded on this supposition; pointing at wrong tempers or practices in those who are, notwithstanding, acknowledged by the inspired writers to be believers. And they are continually exhorted to fight with and conquer these, by the power of the faith which was in them.


4. And who can doubt, but there was faith in the angel of the church of Ephesus, when our Lord said to him, "I know thy works, and thy labour, and thy patience: Thou hast patience, and for my name’s sake hast laboured, and hast not fainted?" (Rev 2:2-4.) But was there, meantime, no sin in his heart? Yea, or Christ would not have added, "Nevertheless, I have somewhat against thee, because thou hast left thy first love." This was real sin which God saw in his heart; of which, accordingly, he is exhorted to repent: And yet we have no authority to say, that even then he had no faith.


5. Nay, the angel of the church at Pergamos, also, is exhorted to repent, which implies sin, though our Lord expressly says, "Thou hast not denied my faith." (Rev 2:13,16) And to the angel of the church in Sardis, he says, "Strengthen the things which remain, that are ready to die." The good which remained was ready to die; but was not actually dead. (Rev 3:2) So there was still a spark of faith even in him; which he is accordingly commanded to hold fast. (Rev 3:3.)


6. Once more: When the Apostle exhorts believers to "cleanse themselves from all filthiness of flesh and spirit," (2 Cor 7:1,) he plainly teaches, that those believers were not yet cleansed therefrom.


Will you answer, "He that abstains from all appearance of evil, does ipso facto cleanse himself from all filthiness?" Not in any wise. For instance: A man reviles me: I feel resentment, which is filthiness of spirit; yet I say not a word. Here I "abstain from all appearance of evil;" but this does not cleanse me from that filthiness of spirit, as I experience to my sorrow.


7. And as this position, "There is no sin in a believer, no carnal mind, no bent to backsliding," is thus contrary to the word of God, so it is to the experience of his children. These continually feel an heart bent to backsliding; a natural tendency to evil; a proneness to depart from God, and cleave to the things of earth. They are daily sensible of sin remaining in their heart, — pride, self-will, unbelief; and of sin cleaving to all they speak and do, even their best actions and holiest duties. Yet at the same time they "know that they are of God;" they cannot doubt of it for a moment. They feel his Spirit clearly "witnessing with their spirit, that they are the children of God." They "rejoice in God through Christ Jesus, by whom they have now received the atonement." So that they are equally assured, that sin is in them, and that "Christ is in them the hope of glory."


8. "But can Christ be in the same heart where sin is?" Undoubtedly he can; otherwise it never could be saved therefrom. Where the sickness is, there is the Physician,


Carrying on his work within,
Striving till he cast out sin.


Christ indeed cannot reign, where sin reigns; neither will he dwell where any sin is allowed. But he is and dwells in the heart of every believer, who is fighting against all sin; although it be not yet purified, according to the purification of the sanctuary.


9. It has been observed before, that the opposite doctrine, — That there is no sin in believers, — is quite new in the church of Christ; that it was never heard of for seventeen hundred years; never till it was discovered by Count in endorf. I do not remember to have seen the least intimation of it, either in any ancient or modern writer; unless perhaps in some of the wild, ranting Antinomians. And these likewise say and unsay, acknowledging there is sin in their flesh, although no sin in their heart. But whatever doctrine is new must be wrong; for the old religion is the only true one; and no doctrine can be right, unless it is the very same "which was from the beginning."


10. One argument more against this new, unscriptural doctrine may be drawn from the dreadful consequences of it. One says, "I felt anger to-day." Must I reply, "Then you have no faith?" Another says, "I know what you advise is good, but my will is quite averse to it." Must I tell him, "Then you are an unbeliever, under the wrath and the curse of God?" What will be the natural consequence of this? Why, if he believe what I say, his soul will not only be grieved and wounded, but perhaps utterly destroyed; inasmuch as he will "cast away" that "confidence which hath great recompense of reward:" And having cast away his shield, how shall he "quench the fiery darts of the wicked one?" How shall he overcome the world? — seeing "this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith." He stands disarmed in the midst of his enemies, open to all their assaults. What wonder then, if he be utterly overthrown; if they take him captive at their will; yea, if he fall from one wickedness to another, and never see good any more? I cannot, therefore, by any means receive this assertion, that there is no sin in a believer from the moment he is justified; First, because it is contrary to the whole tenor of Scripture; — Secondly, because it is contrary to the experience of the children of God; — Thirdly, because it is absolutely new, never heard of in the world till yesterday; — and Lastly, because it is naturally attended with the most fatal consequences; not only grieving those whom God hath not grieved, but perhaps dragging them into everlasting perdition.


IV. 1. However, let us give a fair hearing to the chief arguments of those who endeavour to support it. And it is, First, from Scripture they attempt to prove that there is no sin in a believer. They argue thus: "The Scripture says, Every believer is born of God, is clean, is holy, is sanctified, is pure in heart, has a new heart, is a temple of the Holy Ghost. Now, as ‘that which is born of the flesh is flesh,’ is altogether evil, so ‘that which is born of the Spirit is spirit,’ is altogether good. Again: A man cannot be clean, sanctified, holy, and at the same time unclean, unsanctified, unholy. He cannot be pure and impure, or have a new and an old heart together. Neither can his soul be unholy, while it is a temple of the Holy Ghost.


I have put this objection as strong as possible, that its full weight may appear. Let us now examine it, part by part. And, 1. "That which is born of the Spirit is spirit, is altogether good." I allow the text, but not the comment. For the text affirms this, and no more, — that every man who is "born of the Spirit," is a spiritual man. He is so: But so he may be, and yet not be altogether spiritual. The Christians at Corinth were spiritual men; else they had been no Christians at all; and yet they were not altogether spiritual: they were still, in part, carnal. — "But they were fallen from grace." St. Paul says, No. They were even then babes in Christ. 2. "But a man cannot be clean, sanctified, holy, and at the same time unclean, unsanctified, unholy." Indeed he may. So the Corinthians were. "Ye are washed," says the Apostle, "ye are sanctified;" namely, cleansed from "fornication, idolatry, drunkenness," and all other outward sin; (1 Cor 6:9,10,11;) and yet at the same time, in another sense of the word, they were unsanctified; they were not washed, not inwardly cleansed from envy, evil surmising, partiality. — "But sure, they had not a new heart and an old heart together." It is most sure they had, for at that very time, their hearts were truly, yet not entirely, renewed. Their carnal mind was nailed to the cross; yet it was not wholly destroyed. — "But could they be unholy while they were ‘temples of the Holy Ghost?’" Yes; that they were temples of the Holy Ghost, is certain; (1 Cor 6:19;) and it is equally certain, they were, in some degree, carnal, that is, unholy.


2. "However, there is one Scripture more which will put the matter out of question: ‘If any man be’ a believer ‘in Christ, he is a new creature. Old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.’ (2 Cor 5:17.) Now certainly a man cannot be a new creature and an old creature at once." Yes, he may: He may be partly renewed, which was the very case with those at Corinth. They were doubtless "renewed in the spirit of their mind," or they could not have been so much as "babes in Christ." yet they had not the whole mind which was in Christ, for they envied one another. "But it is said expressly, ‘Old things are passed away: All things are become new.’" But we must not so interpret the Apostle’s words, as to make him contradict himself. And if we will make him consistent with himself, the plain meaning of the words is this: His old judgment concerning justification, holiness, happiness, indeed concerning the things of God in general, is now passed away; so are his old desires, designs, affections, tempers, and conversation. All these are undeniably become new, greatly changed from what they were; and yet, though they are new, they are not wholly new. Still he feels, to his sorrow and shame, remains of the old man, too manifest taints of his former tempers and affections, though they cannot gain any advantage over him, as long as he watches unto prayer.


3. This whole argument, "If he is clean, he is clean;" "If he is holy, he is holy;" (and twenty more expressions of the same kind may easily be heaped together;) is really no better than playing upon words: It is the fallacy of arguing from a particular to a general; of inferring a general conclusion from particular premises. Propose the sentence entire, and it runs thus: "If he is holy at all, he is holy altogether." That does not follow: Every babe in Christ is holy, and yet not altogether so. He is saved from sin; yet not entirely: It remains, though it does not reign. If you think it does not remain, (in babes at least, whatever be the case with young men, or fathers) you certainly have not considered the height, and depth, and length, and breadth of the law of God; (even the law of love, laid down by St. Paul in the thirteenth of Corinthians;) and that every anomia, disconformity to, or deviation from, this law is sin. Now, is there no disconformity to this in the heart or life of a believer? What may be in an adult Christian, is another question; but what a stranger must he be to human nature, who can possibly imagine, that this is the case with every babe in Christ!


4. "But believers walk after the Spirit, [What follows for some pages is an answer to a paper, published in the Christian Maga ine, p. 577-582. I am surprised Mr. Dodd should give such a paper a place in his Maga ine, which is directly contrary to our Ninth Article. — Editor] (Rom 8:1,) and the Spirit of God dwells in them; consequently, they are delivered from the guilt, the power, or, in one word, the being of sin."


These are coupled together, as if they were the same thing. But they are not the same thing. The guilt is one thing, the power another, and the being yet another. That believers are delivered from the guilt and power of sin we allow; that they are delivered from the being of it we deny. Nor does it in any wise follow from these texts. A man may have the Spirit of God dwelling in him, and may "walk after the Spirit," though he still feels "the flesh lusting against the Spirit."


5. "But the ‘church is the body of Christ;’ (Col 1:24;) this implies, that its members are washed from all filthiness; otherwise it will follow, that Christ and Belial are incorporated with each other."


Nay, it will not follow from hence, "Those who are the mystical body of Christ, still feel the flesh lusting against the Spirit," that Christ has any fellowship with the devil; or with that sin which he enables them to resist and overcome.


6. "But are not Christians ‘come to the heavenly Jerusalem,’ where ‘nothing defiled can enter?’" (Heb 12:22.) Yes; "and to an innumerable company of angels, and to the spirits of just men made perfect:" That is,


Earth and heaven all agree;
All is one great family.


And they are likewise holy and undefiled, while they "walk after the Spirit;" although sensible there is another principle in them, and that "these are contrary to each other."


7. "But Christians are reconciled to God. Now this could not be, if any of the carnal mind remained; for this is enmity against God: Consequently, no reconciliation can be effected, but by its total destruction."


We are "reconciled to God through the blood of the cross:" And in that moment the phroneema sarkos, the corruption of nature, which is enmity with God, is put under our feet; the flesh has no more dominion over us. But it still exists; and it is still in its nature enmity with God, lusting against his Spirit.


8. "But ‘they that are Christ’s have crucified the flesh, with its affections and lusts.’" (Gal 5:24.) They have so; yet it remains in them still, and often struggles to break from the cross. "Nay, but they have ‘put off the old man with his deeds.’" (Col 3:9.) They have; and, in the sense above described, "old things are passed away; all things are become new." A hundred texts may be cited to the same effect; and they will all admit of the same answer. — "But, to say all in one word, ‘Christ gave himself for the Church, that it might be holy and without blemish.’" (Eph 5:25,27.) And so it will be in the end: But it never was yet, from the beginning to this day.


9. "But let experience speak: All who are justified do at that time find an absolute freedom from all sin." That I doubt; But, if they do, do they find it ever after? Else you gain nothing. — "If they do not, it is their own fault." That remains to be proved.


10. "But, in the very nature of things, can a man have pride in him, and not be proud; anger, and yet not be angry?"


A man may have pride in him, may think of himself in some particulars above what he ought to think, (and so be proud in that particular,) and yet not be a proud man in his general character. He may have anger in him, yea, and a strong propensity to furious anger, without giving way to it. — "But can anger and pride be in that heart, where only meekness and humility are felt?" No; but some pride and anger may be in that heart, where there is much humility and meekness.


"It avails not to say, These tempers are there, but they do not reign: For sin cannot, in any kind or degree, exist where it does not reign; for guilt and power are essential properties of sin. Therefore, where one of them is, all must be."


Strange indeed! "Sin cannot, in any kind or degree, exist where it does not reign?" Absolutely contrary this to all experience, all Scripture, all common sense. Resentment of an affront is sin; it is anomia, disconformity to the law of love. This has existed in me a thousand times. Yet it did not, and does not, reign. — "But guilt and power are essential properties of sin; therefore where one is, all must be." No: In the instance before us, if the resentment I feel is not yielded to, even for a moment, there is no guilt at all, no condemnation from God upon that account. And in this case, it has no power: though it "lusteth against the Spirit," it cannot prevail. Here, therefore, as in ten thousand instances, there is sin without either guilt or power.


11. "But the supposing sin in a believer is pregnant with everything frightful and discouraging. It implies the contending with a power that has the possession of our strength; maintains his usurpation of our hearts; and there prosecutes the war in defiance of our Redeemer." Not so: The supposing sin is in us, does not imply that it has the possession of our strength; no more than a man crucified has the possession of those that crucify him. As little does it imply, that "sin maintains its usurpation of our hearts." The usurper is dethroned. He remains indeed where he once reigned; but remains in chains. So that he does, in some sense, "prosecute the war," yet he grows weaker and weaker; while the believer goes on from strength to strength, conquering and to conquer.


12. "I am not satisfied yet: He that has sin in him, is a slave to sin. Therefore you suppose a man to be justified, while he is a slave to sin. Now, if you allow men may be justified while they have pride, anger, or unbelief in them; nay, if you aver, these are (at least for a time) in all that are justified; what wonder that we have so many proud, angry, unbelieving believers!


I do not suppose any man who is justified is a slave to sin: Yet I do suppose sin remains (at least for a time) in all that are justified.


"But, if sin remains in a believer, he is a sinful man: If pride, for instance, then he is proud; if self-will, then he is self-willed; if unbelief, then he is an unbeliever; consequently, no believer at all. How then does he differ from unbelievers, from unregenerate men?" This is still mere playing upon words. It means no more than, if there is sin, pride, self-will in him, then — there is sin, pride, self-will. And this nobody can deny. In that sense then he is proud, or self-willed. But he is not proud or self-willed in the same sense that unbelievers are; that is, governed by pride or self-will. Herein he differs from unregenerate men. They obey sin; he does not. Flesh is in them both. But they "walk after the flesh;" he "walks after the Spirit."


"But how can unbelief be in a believer?" That word has two meanings. It means either no faith, or little faith; either the absence of faith or the weakness of it. In the former sense, unbelief is not in a believer; in the latter, it is in all babes. Their faith is commonly mixed with doubt or fear; that is, in the latter sense, with unbelief. "Why are ye fearful," says our Lord, "O ye of little faith?" Again: "O thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubt?" You see here was unbelief in believers; little faith and much unbelief.


13. "But this doctrine, that sin remains in a believer; that a man may be in the favour of God, while he has sin in his heart; certainly tends to encourage men in sin." Understand the proposition right, and no such consequence follows. A man may be in God’s favour though he feel sin; but not if he yields to it. Having sin does not forfeit the favour of God; giving way to sin does. Though the flesh in you "lust against the Spirit," you may still be a child of God; but if you "walk after the flesh," you are a child of the devil. Now this doctrine does not encourage to obey sin, but to resist it with all our might.


V. 1. The sum of all is this: There are in every person, even after he is justified, two contrary principles, nature and grace, termed by St. Paul the flesh and the Spirit. Hence, although even babes in Christ are sanctified, yet it is only in part. In a degree, according to the measure of their faith, they are spiritual; yet, in a degree they are carnal. Accordingly, believers are continually exhorted to watch against the flesh, as well as the world and the devil. And to this agrees the constant experience of the children of God. While they feel this witness in themselves, they feel a will not wholly resigned to the will of God. They know they are in him; and yet find an heart ready to depart from him, a proneness to evil in many instances, and a backwardness to that which is good. The contrary doctrine is wholly new; never heard of in the church of Christ, from the time of his coming into the world, till the time of Count in endorf; and it is attended with the most fatal consequences. It cuts off all watching against our evil nature, against the Delilah which we are told is gone, though she is still lying in our bosom. It tears away the shield of weak believers, deprives them of their faith and so leaves them exposed to all the assaults of the world, the flesh, and the devil.


2. Let us, therefore, hold fast the sound doctrine "once delivered to the saints," and delivered down by them with the written word to all succeeding generations: That although we are renewed, cleansed, purified, sanctified, the moment we truly believe in Christ, yet we are not then renewed, cleansed, purified altogether; but the flesh, the evil nature, still remains (though subdued) and wars against the Spirit. So much the more let us use all diligence in "fighting the good fight of faith." So much the more earnestly let us "watch and pray" against the enemy within. The more carefully let us take to ourselves, and "put on, the whole armor of God;" that, although "we wrestle" both "with flesh, and blood, and with the principalities, and with powers, and wicked spirits in high places," we may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand."



On Sin in Believers

Mount Hermon

Mount Hermon


Mount Hermon as seen from Tiberias on the Sea of Galilee. Mount Hermon is a snowcapped mountain just west of Damascus on the border between Lebanon and Syria. It rises to 9,232 feet and is the highest peak just east of the Mediterranean Sea. It is widely believed that Jesus’ transfiguration took place in the vicinity of Hermon.


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Mount Hermon

Wednesday, March 27, 2013

Lindos Acropolis

Lindos Acropolis


The ancient Lindos Acropolis upon which stood the Temple of Athena Lindia. Rhodes is located in the Mediterranean Sea near the southwest coast of Asia Minor. The Apostle Paul sailed to Rhodes when returning to Syria on his third missionary journey.


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Lindos Acropolis

Rhodes

Rhodes


Rhodes


The Island of Rhodes, the village of Lindos and its ancient acropolis upon which stood the Temple of Athena Lindia. Rhodes is located in the Mediterranean Sea near the southwest coast of Asia Minor. The Apostle Paul sailed to Rhodes when returning to Syria on his third missionary journey.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Rhodes

Tuesday, March 26, 2013

Tutankhamen's gold face mask

Tutankhamen's gold face mask


Tutankhamen’s mummy lay within a nest of three coffins, the innermost of solid gold. On the King’s head was this magnificent golden face mask. Tutankhamen died unexpectedly at the age of 18. He is famous mainly because of the discovery in 1922 of his undisturbed burial chamber.


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Tutankhamen's gold face mask

Tutankhamen's gold throne

Tutankhamen's gold throne


Tutankhamen’s Queen anoints him with perfume in this scene from his golden throne. Tutankhamen died unexpectedly at the age of 18. He is famous mainly because of the discovery in 1922 of his undisturbed burial chamber.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Tutankhamen's gold throne

Ramesseum - mortuary temple of Ramses II

Ramesseum - mortuary temple of Ramses II


The Ramesseum, or mortuary temple of Ramses II, although in ruins, still retains today some of its ancient grandeur. It is located on the west bank of the Nile River at Thebes in Upper Egypt. Although mortuary temples were designed for the rites of the mortuary cult of the builder, they were dedicated (as this one) to Amon, the supreme God of Thebes.


Photo courtesy of Corel


Entrance to the Ramesseum


Entrance to the Ramesseum, or mortuary temple of Ramses II. Although in ruins, it still retains today some of its ancient grandeur. It is located on the west bank of the Nile River at Thebes in Upper Egypt. Although mortuary temples were designed for the rites of the mortuary cult of the builder, they were dedicated (as this one) to Amon, the supreme God of Thebes.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Ramesseum - mortuary temple of Ramses II

Monday, March 25, 2013

Mud brick vaults

Mud brick vaults


Ancient mud brick vaults from Egypt’s ancient capital of Thebes. The two main building materials in ancient Egypt were unbaked mud brick and stone. Stone was used for tombs (eternal dwellings of the dead) and temples. Mud brick was used for most other buildings, even royal palaces and fortresses. Israel was put to forced labor to produce mud brick for Egypt’s builders.


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Mud brick vaults

Colossal Statue of Ramses II Colossus

Colossal Statue of Ramses II Colossus


Ramses II built colossal statues of himself along with his other additions to the Temple of Luxor (located in southern Thebes along the east bank of the Nile River). The Temple was built by Amenhotep III and dedicated to Amon-Re, king of the gods, his consort Mut, and their son Khons. The Temple was later added to by Tutankhamen, Horemheb and Ramses II. Thebes was capital of the ancient Egyptian empire during its peak.


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Colossal Statue of Ramses II Colossus

Sunday, March 24, 2013

Luxor Temple

Luxor Temple


The Temple of Luxor (as seen at night) is located in southern Thebes along the east bank of the Nile River. The Temple was built by Amenhotep III and dedicated to Amon-Re, king of the gods, his consort Mut, and their son Khons. The Temple was later added to by Tutankhamen, Horemheb and Ramses II. Thebes was capital of the ancient Egyptian empire during its peak.


Photo courtesy of Corel


Luxor Temple from the Nile


The Temple of Luxor (as seen from the Nile) is located in southern Thebes along the east bank of the Nile River. The Temple was built by Amenhotep III and dedicated to Amon-Re, king of the gods, his consort Mut, and their son Khons. The Temple was later added to by Tutankhamen, Horemheb and Ramses II. Thebes was capital of the ancient Egyptian empire during its peak.


Photo courtesy of Corel


Luxor Temple Giant colossi of Ramses II


Giant colossi of Ramses II and columns from the Great Temple at Luxor (located in southern Thebes along the east bank of the Nile River). The Temple was built by Amenhotep III and dedicated to Amon-Re, king of the gods, his consort Mut, and their son Khons. The Temple was later added to by Tutankhamen, Horemheb and Ramses II. Thebes was capital of the ancient Egyptian empire during its peak.


Photo courtesy of Corel


Luxor Temple courtyard


A courtyard from the Temple of Luxor located in southern Thebes along the east bank of the Nile River. The Temple was built by Amenhotep III and dedicated to Amon-Re, king of the gods, his consort Mut, and their son Khons. The Temple was later added to by Tutankhamen, Horemheb and Ramses II. Thebes was capital of the ancient Egyptian empire during its peak.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Luxor Temple

Saturday, March 23, 2013

Karnak Temple

Karnak Temple


The Great Temple at Karnak (seen here from the sacred lake) was located in Northern Thebes and dedicated to Egypt’s state god, Amon-Re. It is not just one temple, but a complex of temples that have been modified and added to many times in history. Thebes was Egypt’s capital city during the empire’s peak.


Photo courtesy of Corel


Karnak Temple giant columns


Colossal columns from the Great Temple at Karnak located in Northern Thebes and dedicated to Egypt’s state god, Amon-Re. It is not just one temple, but a complex of temples that have been modified and added to many times in history. Thebes was Egypt’s capital city during the empire’s peak.


Photo courtesy of Corel


Karnak Temple Giant columns


Giant columns from the hypostyle (pillared) hall of the Temple at Karnak located in Northern Thebes and dedicated to Egypt’s state god, Amon-Re. Some of the pillars were 78 feet high. This vast hall covers 5,800 square yards. It is one of the great wonders of the ancient world.


Photo courtesy of Corel


Karnak Temple massive walls


Massive walls, columns and colossi from the Great Temple at Karnak located in Northern Thebes and dedicated to Egypt’s state god, Amon-Re. It is not just one temple, but a complex of temples that have been modified and added to many times in history. Thebes was Egypt’s capital city during the empire’s peak.


Photo courtesy of Corel


Karnak Temple obelisk


Obelisk from the Great Temple at Karnak located in Northern Thebes. Originally obelisks were erected in pairs at the entrances to ancient Egyptian temples. They were cut from a single stone, usually red granite. One of a pair of obelisks at Karnak erected by Thutmose I is 80 feet high and weights 143 tons.


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Karnak Temple

Hatshepsut's Temple

Hatshepsut's Temple


Hatshepsut, queen of Egypt ( 1472-58 B.C.), held unusual power for an Egyptian queen adopting the full titles and power of a Pharaoh. Her terraced funerary Temple at Dayr al-Bahri in Western Thebes (pictured here) was one of her crowning achievements.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Hatshepsut's Temple

Sinai Peninsula

Sinai Peninsula


The wilderness of the Sinai Peninsula was a barren and desolate land. In this land God miraculously sustained the nation of Israel for 40 years after their deliverance from the harsh taskmasters of Egypt.


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Sinai Peninsula

Papyrus plant

Papyrus plant


From ancient times the papyrus plant has been cultivated in the Nile delta and harvested for its stalk. Its stalk was then cut into thin strips, beaten together into a pulp and dried to form a smooth, thin writing surface. This was a major source of writing material in the ancient world.


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Papyrus plant

Friday, March 22, 2013

The west bank of the Nile River

The west bank of the Nile River


The west bank of the Nile River near Luxor. It was the Nile River, the longest in the world, that made civili ation possible in ancient Egypt. It brought water each year for the irrigation of Egypt’s crops. It was an effective means of transportation for people and cargo of all kinds. In a desert land it can be said, "without the Nile there would have been no Egypt."


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The west bank of the Nile River

Boat building along the Nile River

Boat building along the Nile River


Boat building along the Nile River has gone on from the earliest of times. The Nile River, the longest in the world, was what made civili ation possible in ancient Egypt. It brought water each year for the irrigation of Egypt’s crops. It was an effective means of transportation for people and cargo of all kinds. In a desert land it can be said, "without the Nile there would have been no Egypt."


Photo courtesy of Corel



Boat building along the Nile River

Thursday, March 21, 2013

Pyramids and Sphinx

Pyramids and Sphinx


The Pyramid of Khafre, the son of King Khufu, was almost as large as that of his father. The Great Sphinx is located in front near Khafre’s valley temple. The Sphinx has the facial features of King Khafre and the body of a reclining lion. Carved from a knoll of the rock it is 240 feet long and 66 feet high.


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Pyramids and Sphinx

Great Pyramid of Khufu

Great Pyramid of Khufu


The northernmost and largest Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) is considered the greatest single building ever built by man. The pyramid no longer reaches its original height (481 2/5 feet) because its outer casings of smooth white limestone have been removed. Almost 2,300,000 blocks of stone (averaging 2.5 tons each) were used to construct this building.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Great Pyramid of Khufu

Pyramid of Khafre

Pyramid of Khafre


The Pyramid of Khafre, the son of King Khufu, was almost as large as that of his father. Unlike his father’s, Khafre’s Pyramid still retains some of the original outer white limestone casings near its peak. Engineers today still marvel at the skills ancient Egyptians mastered in order to construct these magnificent buildings.


Photo courtesy of Corel



Pyramid of Khafre